The research comprised of literature review to establish a link and give the study to the research, putting forward suggestion and findings of past research findings on the same subject matter. A questionnaire survey of 18 respondents comprising of contractors, accountants, project managers, sub-contractors, engineers and results were drawn. The survey also determined the major effects of delay as cost and time overrun, project suspension and bad company image.
Suggestive measures to ensure that project delivery is successful or rather delays are minimized, were also found during the field research. Using the information collected it is therefore recommended that clients or project owners should provide adequate funding to prevent disruptions , choose a competent contractor who is skilled and got the capacity to match the requirements of the project as well as pre- plan the project before construction commences.
Collections Department of Accountancy. Therefore, a project is considered a failure when it has not delivered what was required, in line with expectations Project Smart If key stakeholders agreed that a project had to exceed its initial budget, the project may still be considered a success ibid. Likewise, if a project delivered everything that was in the detailed project designs, it may still be considered a failure if it didn't include vital elements that the key stakeholders needed.
This doesn't seem fair, but project success and failure isn't just about the facts, nor is it simply about what was delivered. It's also, crucially, about how the project is perceived. Therefore, in order to succeed, a project must deliver to cost, to quality, and on time; and it must deliver the benefits presented in the business case.
Therefore, in Zimbabwean context rural projects are associated with failures because of many reasons which include, lack of funding, poor project planning, poor governance, corruption, poor planning, climate changes, poor work force, lack of technology, lack of communication, lack of consultation to the project beneficiaries, inability to work in triple constraints, elite capture among others.
In addition I will highlight the recommendations to be done to avoid and minimise project failure. It may be of paramount importance to first highlight what is project failure, which is characterised by factors such as inability to meet deadline, inability to meet objectives, in ability to deliver services and inability to bring positive change.
According to Mind tools project failure is opposite of project success which it is defined as that, the project which is delivered "in line with expectations ".
Therefore in Zimbabwe rural projects fail because of lack of funding and corruption. Projects implemented by Zimbabwean government often suffer financial constraints. For instance the Zambezi Water Project which was started in with an objective of being the permanent water source to Matabeleland province.
This project lack funds so it is a failure because it is failed to meet specified objectives and time now is overdue. In rural areas irrigation schemes projects are failing because of lack of funding. The main drawback is financial constraints. In addition road surfacing of Zvishavane-Rutenga road failed because of lack funding. For now the project is at stagnant position because of financial constraints. Although lack of financial resources to fund rural project is to blame, also the corruption is also responsible for failure of other rural projects which are said to have lack funds.
Therefore, corruption and financial constraints also works hand in hand to cause project failures in rural areas in Zimbabwe. Projects are funded by the government through the Constituency Development Fund CDF and the Members of Parliament divert the funds to fund their personal projects at the expense of community projects. This causes project failures in rural areas because funds will be misused at the expense of the project.
For example in Chikomba West constituency in Mashonaland East province people were in arms over the alleged abuse of constituency development funds provided to the parliamentarian who represents the district, charging that local lawmaker Michael Bimha has not put the cash to use to raise living standards in the community Chiripasi Therefore, the lack of funding may be necessitated by corruption and diversion of resources. Corruption comes first reducing project funds, diverting funds, and then lack of funding to projects becomes an output.
However, one can argue that lack of funds may be accompanied by corruption to cause project failure. Moreover, poor project planning is also a cause of failure in rural projects. All Africa. This means project managers tend to omit the important preliminary stages which enable project success.
Therefore this is mainly done by government when government officials want to do problem analysis they do the so called rural tourism in rural areas and held the rapid rural appraisal. Therefore rural tourism is the visit of rural areas by urban professional in search of rural problems.
This is mainly done at areas which are accessible for example peri-urban areas. Therefore, since other rural areas are more marginalised other professional do not reach such areas. Because of this one can say poor planning is the cause of project failures. Herald online postulate that, one of the major causes of project failures is poor planning.
Most of the time the problem is due to inadequate or no planning. The team simply tries to "wing it", to do the work without doing any planning at all ibid. Therefore, many development practitioners are task-oriented, and they see planning as a waste of time and resources, so they would rather just get on with the work.
Herald online further postulate that, failing to develop a plan means that there can be no actual control of the project. Without a plan, everything is a deviation. Therefore, since project failure is also characterised by lack of sustainability of the project many project which are implemented in rural areas often lack sustainability. This is mainly caused by poor planning; the development practitioners tend to consult the beneficiaries at the implementation stage whilst they do the preliminary stages alone without the beneficiaries.
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