What makes brush border enzymes

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Publication types Research Support, Non-U. Gov't Review. The enzymes responsible for this terminal stage of digestion are not free in the intestinal lumen, but rather, tethered as integral membrane proteins in the plasma membrane of the enterocyte.

The apical plasma membrane housing these enzymes is composed of numerous microvilli which extend from the cell and constitute the " brush border ". Hence, the enzymes embedded in those microvilli are referred to as brush border enzymes. The density and distribution of brush border enzymes differs among different segments of the small intestine and often varies depending on the age of the animal.

Additionally, in some cases the concentration of such enzymes can be modulated by diet; for example, the amount of sucrase-isomaltase enzyme increases in animals fed a high-carbohydrate diet. None of these molecules can be absorbed across the small intestinal epithelium and require further hydrolysis, ultimately into glucose.

Maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase are closely related enzymes embedded in the brush border membrane that execute the terminal stages of digestion using substrates provided by the action of amylase:.

Lactose is the major carbohydrate in milk and lactase is abundantly present in the small intestinal brush border of young mammals.